Taking A Stand Against Slavery - 1228 Words

Taking a stand against slavery Madison Burton Junior Division Historical Paper Paper Length: 1,507 words Taking A Stand Against Slavery One of the most shameful periods in history was the institution of slavery in the nineteenth century two. The theme  ¨Taking a Stand ¨ definitely hits the divided issue of slavery. Most slaves brought to America were known as low class individuals who could bring no good, but History fails to state that most of the slaves who came were people of many trades, ambitions, and determinations. The Underground Railroad had its earliest beginnings with runaway slaves fleeing from the the Southern United States into Canada. By confronting human bondage without direct demands or violence, The†¦show more content†¦Harriet Tubman was a major contribution to the Underground Railroad. Many hours and days went into her secretive work, causing her to be very respected by the slaves. It is important that we learn about Harriet Tubman because she is such a strong woman with an amazing story. Without Harriett, many slaves would have never made it to freedom. Most of the slaves chose to disobey their owners during the Civil War. They felt outraged and taken advantage of. With that feeling in their system, the rebellious slaves planned to get revenge. The whites, on the other hand, felt as if they were threatened by the slaves. A vast number of women left the countryside in fear of the slaves. To calm the fear, slave patrols disciplined slaves and beat them, sometimes until they were even dead. These events caused the slaves to resist even more to let their voice be heard. This issue is one not to be taken lightly. Yes, it was wrong for slaves to rebel, but it was also very wrong for the white owners to beat and torture their slaves. This leads many people to believe that rebelling was right on their part. Nobody deserves to be treated that way. The good out of this bad situation is that it helps us with history. We have learned not to make cruel decisions like that anymore, as well as laws prevent that from that happening. One child recal ls his or her mother being beat all over again, because she requested to see her sick child. IShow MoreRelatedUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe Essay1351 Words   |  6 Pageslife is supported by the same system that he despises, slavery. St. Clare professes multiple times in the book that slavery is wrong, yet he holds slaves and refuses to release them, making him a hypocrite whose morals are right, mainly because of his mother, but he is unwilling to do the right thing. St. Clare symbolizes some of the southern slave owners at the time who knew that slavery was a sin and an act against God, but refused to stand up and stop it. St. Clare is such an essential characterRead MoreWho Is The American Civil War?1245 Words   |  5 Pagesslaves. While this issue was the main cause and the biggest factor that led to the American Civil War, it is not the only cause or factor. In Jeffery Dixon’s article, What Causes Civil Wars? There are two other big issue that cause c ounties to go war against each other. Those two other issues are; economy and geography. Civil Wars are fought over what land belongs to who and what is the best way to spend and receive money. The other two factors they would help eventually lead to the American Civil WarRead MoreThe Confederate Flag Is A Flag Of Hate1163 Words   |  5 Pages Is the Confederate flag really a flag of hate? Contrary to popular belief, the Confederate flag does not stand for racism, it stands for freedom. It stands for the men who lost their lives fighting for a doomed country, white and black. It stands for not letting others push you around and control you. I stands for the â€Å"bad side† in the Civil War. It is the proof that despite the fact that we boast about being stubborn, we are ignorant to the fact that all we do is follow the crowd. It representsRead MoreWomen s Rights And Abolitionist Movement Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesBack in the nineteenth century men and women were not treated equally as they are now. Women did not have as much freedom as the men did and that caused a national movement. Not only were the women segregated from the men, but the discrimination against the African American race was a huge ordeal as well. With both movements combined, it led to a controversial development at that time. Not only were women fighting for equality, they were also fighting for the prejudice to end amongst the differentRead MoreConfederate Flag Is America s Swastika1512 Words   |  7 Pagesas a painful reminder of the Holocaust, the African-American community perceives the flag as a reminder of slavery and racial discrimination. The Confederate flag, a relic of the devastating Civil War, has become one of the most controversial and contentious icons in American history. The debate over the flying of the Confederate flag is in regard to the Southern Civil War ideals of slavery and white racial superiority that historians have agreed the flag represents. Supporters of the ConfederateRead MoreSlavery And The United States1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery; An Issue Neglected to a Key Principle in the U.S. For 20 years slavery had existed in the United States of America despite its immorality and the objections of many citizens. Strides were made to correct this injustice around the time of the Revolutionary war; colonists started to demand their natural human rights from Britain. In 1766, our founding fathers were the first faced with a decision to abolish slavery; they felt the pressure from facing the purpose of their campaign due to theRead MoreAphra Behn s Work Oroonoko Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesits discussion of slavery and colonization. Oroonoko revealed the negative side of the slave trading industry which was something almost unheard of in the 17th century when slave trading was a booming business and a part of everyday life. In the work it can be validated that Behn’s reason behind writing this novel in this time period was that she did not want this man’s life to be forgotten or be lost in vain. Furthermore, it is believe that Behn was taking a stand aga inst slavery using experienceRead MoreHenry David Thoreau Resistance To Civil Disobedience Analysis1508 Words   |  7 Pagesdisobedience, individuals took stand and fight for their rights. the government took actions that violated the rights of others or took restrictions that angered residence. Resistance to civil government by Henry David Thoreau is an essay written about his opinion on opposing the government that was taking control of people’s rights, motivating his disagreement of slavery and the Mexican-American war. Mahatma Gandhi, a leader who fought for the Indians independent movement against British. Lastly but notRead MoreImpact Of LOuverture On The Haitian Revolution1514 Words   |  7 Pagesrevolt against the highest power on the island of, France. The revolution on Saint Domingue started on August 22, 1791. The revolution wasn’t one revolt it was a series of successful revolts against the French colony of Saint Domingue. In the end with out this revo lt France still would of had the resources to keep the Louisiana territory under their control, imagine the U.S. only as the east coast. The slave on the island of St. Domingue took it into their own hand to take a stand against the plantationRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Rhetorical Analysis1050 Words   |  5 Pages America’s history will be scarred forever by the evils of slavery which once existed here. Slaves lived lives of pain and hardship. But some, like the slave and later abolitionist Frederick Douglass, rose up from the tribulations of slavery and led the way for progress and change in America. In his autobiography â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†, Douglass tells his inspiring yet harrowing story of his life as a slave in Maryland and his escape to freedom in New York and later Massachusetts

Gender Inequality Within The Criminal Justice System

There are many disparities within the criminal justice system that can be recognized. One of the most commonly researched disparities is with race and ethnicity. However, there is another disparity that, while just as important, may be less recognized. This disparity is gender. For many years, criminologists have developed theories as to why females commit crime dating back to 1895. One more recent theory of crime is Sampson and Laub’s life course theory. This theory argues that the events that occur during one’s life (from birth to death) can have an effect on one’s actions and, in turn, their criminal involvement (Mallicoat, 2015). Applying life course theory to crime helps to explain the gender gap in offending due to the fact that men and women’s life experiences are different as well as the fact that men and women respond to these experiences in different ways. When examining how different crimes are gendered, it is fairly easy to apply life course th eory and notice the ways in which each criminal act can then lead to another. In order to apply this theory, let us begin by examining causes and effects of women and drug crimes. There have been multiple studies that have shown a close correlation between drug abuse and criminal involvement. Furthermore, involvement with drugs can have negative consequences for later opportunities and life careers. In regards to women specifically, there can be many different pathways during a woman’s life that may lead to an involvementShow MoreRelatedCriminology And Sociology : Criminology1296 Words   |  6 Pagesmultinational relationships. Within this they attempt to understand the social processes; that is why humans think and behave in a certain way. Concepts and Theories of Criminology and Sociology: The generalisability problem is a concept within feminist criminology that adds women to male knowledge on crime, thereby the findings on men are generalised to women. This concept aims to create a neutral criminological theory that does not have any inherent biases based upon gender. The need for this is dueRead MoreWomen in the Criminal Justice System1575 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in the Criminal Justice System The field of Criminal Justice, like so many of the employment fields within the United States, is a largely male-dominated field. In the minds of many individuals around the country, and around the world, the mention of the Criminal Justice field brings to mind the image of strong male law enforcement officials employed to both protect their respective communities and keep a sea of male criminals under the watchful eye of the law. It may, then, surprise manyRead MoreConflict Theory1445 Words   |  6 Pagesgroups, as different social groups, be they class-, gender- or race-defined, have unequal power and access to power, yet all groups compete for limited resources. This inevitably gives rise to tension and conflict, albeit often of the subtle variety, as oftentimes the conflicts between groups have been institutionalized in society to such a degree that the conflicts and tensions are such an expected part of society that the conflict, and inequality, itself disappears from public sight, and consciousnessRead MoreThe Barriers Of Indigenous Australian Women Face Within The Criminal Justice System970 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation still experience inequality through the education and criminal justice system, specifically Indigenous women. This is highlighted throughout the report through various statistical data including tables and graphs. Further discussion on the link between these statistics to current unit concepts will be addressed in this report to expose the barriers that Indigenous Australian women face within the criminal justice system. The statistical overview on the education system will focus on the IndigenousRead MoreCrime and Social Inequality1194 Words   |  5 Pages Crime and criminalization are dependent on social inequality Social inequality there are four major forms of inequality, class gender race and age, all of which influence crime. In looking at social classes and relationship to crime, studies have shown that citizens of the low er class are more likely to commit crimes of property and violence than upper-class citizens: who generally commit political and economic crimes. In 2007 the National Crime Victimization Survey showed that families with anRead More Racial Disparities of the Criminal Justice System1518 Words   |  6 PagesThe existence of racial disparity and structural inequality within the criminal justice system renders the concept of true justice for all unobtainable. The statistics of convictions and prison sentences by race definitely support the concept that discrimination is a problem in the justice system as well as the insignificantly number of minority judges and lawyers. There are a multitude of circumstances that influence these statistics according to the â€Å"Central Eight† criminogenic risk factors.Read MoreGender-Based Violence. Gender-Based Violence Is Only One1438 Words   |  6 PagesGender-Based Violence Gender-based violence is only one of the many inequality problems that women face within our society. In the midst of this problem something that becomes more infuriating is the fact that it most often happens at the hands of friends, loved ones, and family members who find a way to justify the abuse and/or put the blame back on the victim. Gender-based violence against women is commonly seen as both a consequence and a cause of gender inequality (Walby, Towers, Francis, 2014Read MoreGender Based Violence Against Women1428 Words   |  6 PagesGender-based violence is only one of the many inequality problems that women face within our society. In the midst of this problem something that becomes more infuriating is the fact that it most often happens at the hands of friends, loved ones, and family members who find a way to justify the abuse and/or put the blame back on the victim. Gender-based violence against women is commonly seen as both a consequence and a cause of gender inequa lity (mainstream domestic, 194). In this paper, gender-basedRead MoreEssay on DNA in the Forensic Science Community1500 Words   |  6 PagesLiberman, Miethe, 2008). This paper examines Carrells et al’s research along with three other research articles to review how DNA is collected, the effects that is has on a juror and the pros and cons of DNA collection in the Forensic Science and Criminal Justice community. Keywords: deoxyribonucleic acid, United States DNA Collection in the Forensic Science Community and its Effects on Solving Crimes Once a crime has been committed the most importantRead MoreCriminology Exam11428 Words   |  6 Pagesviewing the videos, discuss in your essay why â€Å"legalistic† definition of crime is not sufficient to cover all criminal activities: The legalistic definition of crime is not sufficient to cover all criminal activities because the word crime means for someone to perform act upon or do something that is against the law and can be a threat against the public. It does not cover all of the criminal activities because in the media or with people who are recognized can act upon crimes but do not have any repercussions

Are Youths Self Centered Free Essays

Consider the criticism leveled at young people that their only values are self centered ones. There has been a biggest drop in empathy in recent history. â€Å"College kids today are about 40 percent lower in empathy than their counterparts of 20 or 30 years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Youths Self Centered? or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Self-centeredness is caring only about oneself and one’s own needs. Having a large proportion of self-centered young people would have a great impact on the society as the young people would be the future of the nation. That would mean a generation of self centered individuals all over the country. Not to mention the values these individuals would impart to their offspring. But is this criticism valid? I do not agree that the criticism is valid. In this essay, I will be touching on two key points. Firstly, young people are just trying to find their own paths. Secondly, young people are still transitioning from children to adulthood. Young people are still in the process of finding their own paths. Young people are taught to trust their own judgment, make their own decisions, fight for their belief, be themselves and persevere. However, in the process of that, young people are stopped and questioned of their actions. While defending for their actions that they have trusted and believed in, they get misunderstood for being self-centered and self- absorbed. Young people seem self-centered but in actual fact, they cannot find out about themselves unless they pay attention to themselves and do things for themselves. That is how they learn their preferences, dreams, goals and passions. For example, young people have faced criticisms that they are self-centered and friend-centered. However, they are closer with their friends, as they understand better their needs, preferences and dreams as they are in the same age group. They aid each other in finding out about themselves. There are many things that have changed since parent’s time of teen-hood and they may not understand the challenges posed to young people now. Therefore, young people seem like they are acting self-centered as they are just in the process of finding their own paths. Secondly, young people are still transitioning from children to adulthood. Young adults are facing many different emotions, needs, hormones, excitement and anxiety. In order to face these new feelings, they need energy and attention. This may result in the misconception of self-centeredness when the individual is trying to sate their own feelings. The teen period is a time of transition from the security of the small child to the adult world. For example, physical changes in the body like menstruation and voice deepening is a very frightening and confusing change, and in process of dealing with these changes, physically and mentally, suddenly, what is to be understood and secure has changed. New rules have been set. All these new details start to form mountains and it leads the individual to think, â€Å"So what exactly am I suppose to do? † As a result, they turn their attention to themselves and get misunderstood as being self-centered. Therefore, young people seem like they are acting self-centered as they are still transitioning from children to adulthood. How to cite Are Youths Self Centered?, Papers

Group Discussion free essay sample

The students just mug up the answers and pour it down on the answer sheets. They don’t have to think. In other words, the education system is just feeding with golden spoons and thus in their later lives, they cannot produce what is needed by our country. The interactions between the teacher and the students are also less. The students are not allowed to choose their favorite to study. Every subject is made necessary for the students till 9th class. The education system needs to undergo drastic  changes  to produce ASSETS for the country. Even when students go to school they are not interested and enthusiastic that they will learn some new things which would help them in their future life. I hope this article of mine will make some  changes  somewhere and there the students will get to learn new things. Is IT chain puller of Indian economy? In India IT is basically service oriented. We will write a custom essay sample on Group Discussion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Which means the trend is to master the technologies offered by somebody and to extend the service on that. Export percentage is very low. Take any industry, service is always a very low fraction of the overall revenue flow. Beside, Indian manufacturing sides, automobile, Fabrics have contributed largely and more prominently towards the economy. If you see the returns of Share market even a Chicken Selling Firm ( Venkeys) and Gems and Jewelries Firm ( Geetanjali Gems) outperforms the combined gains from top ten IT companies of India. It is a sad part but true. It has given stability of Real estate but thats all. Anybody with a better Idea of proving me wrong? I will be too pleased to be proven wrong though. 2012- A rumor or reality 012, the American science fiction disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich has portrayed catastrophic events unfolding in year 2012. If media reports, scientists and Mayan Calendar are to be believed, the world will end on December 21, 2012. According to a group of people, the natural disasters which have unfolded in the recent past could be 2012 knocking. The Japan earthquake Tsunami and the trail of earthquakes which have been shaking countries since Japan earthquake are al l signaling towards the big disaster. The Mayan, Tibetan, African, Vedic, and Hebrew calendars are all in correspondence with the 2012 prediction Will governments Lokpal Bill reduce corruption? Congress party is concerned about the fate of the bill and is determined to get the same passed in the Upper House The Congress-led UPA government faces a litmus test in getting the controversial Lokpal Bill passed in the Rajya Sabha after it was approved with a voice vote following a day-long debate in Parliament yesterday. In an interesting turn of events, the government has now decided to introduce the Lokpal Bill in the Upper House tomorrow, which was earlier scheduled to be tabled today. Confirming the development, MoS in PMO, V Narayanasamy said, â€Å"The Lokpal Bill will be tabled in the Rajya Sabha tomorrow. The Congress party is concerned about the fate of the bill and is determined to get the same passed in the Upper House. † Do you think that government’s Lokpal Bill will reduce corruption? This is quiet disappointing to see how selfish our politicians are. had it been a bill favoring them, it would have been passed without any delay. it took about one year for lok sabha to pass lokpal bill, that too a weak bill. i feel that the lokpal will become another agency of corruption

Candide - All Is Not For The Best Essays - Candide, Operas

Candide - All is Not for the Best Voltaire's Candide is the story of an innocent man's experiences in a mad and evil world, his struggle to survive in that world, and his need to ultimately come to terms with it. All people experience the turmoil of life and must overcome obstacles, both natural and man-made, in order to eventually achieve happiness. In life, "man must find a medium between what Martin (scholar and companion to Candide) calls the "convulsions of anxiety" and the "lethargy of boredom"" (Richter 137). After a long and difficult struggle in which Candide is forced to overcome misfortune to find happiness, he concludes that all is not well (as he has previously been taught by his tutor, Dr. Pangloss), and that he must work in order to find even a small amount of pleasure in life. Candide grows up in the Castle of Westphalia and is taught by the learned philosopher, Dr. Pangloss. Candide is abruptly exiled from the castle when found kissing the Baron's daughter, Cunegonde. Devastated by the separation from Cunegonde, his true love, Candide sets out to different places in the hope of finding her and achieving total happiness. On his journey, he faces a number of misfortunes, among them being tortured during army training, yet he continues to believe that there is a "cause and effect" for everything. Candide is reunited with Cunegonde, and regains a life of prosperity, but soon all is taken away, including his beloved Cunegonde. He travels on, and years later he finds her again, but she is now fat and ugly. His wealth is all gone and so is his love for the Baron's daughter. Throughout Candide, we see how accepting situations and not trying to change or overcome obstacles can be damaging. Life is full of struggles, but it would be nonproductive if people passivel y accepted whatever fate had in store for them, shrugging off their personal responsibility. Voltaire believes that people should not allow themselves to be victims. He sneers at naive, accepting types, informing us that people must work to reach their utopia (Bottiglia 93). In Candide, reality and "the real world" are portrayed as being disappointing. Within the Baron's castle, Candide is able to lead a Utopian life. After his banishment, though, he recognizes the evil of the world, seeing man's sufferings. The only thing that keeps Candide alive is his hope that things will get better. Even though the world is filled with disaster, Candide has an optimistic attitude that he adopted from Dr. Pangloss' teachings. In spite of his many trials, Candide believes that all is well and everything is for the best. Only once, in frustration, does he admit that he sometimes feels that optimism is "the mania of maintaining that all is well when we are miserable" (Voltaire 41). Candide's enthus iastic view of life is contrasted with, and challenged by the suffering which he endures throughout the book. Voltaire wrote this book in a mocking and satirical manner in order to express his opinion that passive optimism is foolish (Richter 134). Candide eventually learns how to achieve happiness in the face of misadventure. He learns that in order to attain a state of contentment, one must be part of society where there is collective effort and work. Labor, Candide learns, eliminates the three curses of mankind: want, boredom, and vice. In order to create such a society, man must do the following: love his fellow man, be just, be vigilant, know how to make the best of a bad situation and keep from theorizing. Martin expresses this last requirement for such a society succinctly when he says, "Let's work without speculating; it's the only way of rendering life bearable" (Voltaire 77). One of the last people that Candide meets in his travels is an old, poor Turkish farmer who teache s Candide a lesson which allows him to come to terms with the world and to settle down happily. The revelation occurs when Candide and his friends hear of the killing of two intimate advisors of the sultan, and they ask the Turkish farmer if he could give them more details about the situation. "I know nothing of it, said the good

Global Warming as a Social Problem Essays

Global Warming as a Social Problem Essays Global Warming as a Social Problem Paper Global Warming as a Social Problem Paper Essay Topic: Global Warming Renewable energy While most commonly thought of social problems are based on discrimination and stereotypes, one specific social problem that does not fit into these standards s global warming. Global warming is an increase in earths average atmospheric temperature that causes corresponding changes in climate That may result from the greenhouse effect (Dictionary-corn). As a social problem, global warming is a fairly large and broad topic. The greenhouse effect is an environmental condition caused by excessive quantities of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. These definitions are simply physical definitions. In terms of being a social problem, global warming and the greenhouse affect yields harmful effects on every community and society s a whole. This type of social problem does not choose its victim based on race, gender, sexual orientation, class, income, age, or any stereotypical category a person can be placed in. Not every person is equally affected by this, but everyone is susceptible to dealing with this problem. The greenhouse effect is a factor in causing global warming. Global warming is caused by many factors and different kinds of pollution. The main type of pollution that affects global warming is air pollution. Air pollution is simply defined as pollution of the atmosphere, which ties in with the greenhouse effect. Air pollution can also be defined as the addition of harmful chemicals to the atmosphere. The most serious air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, especially in internal-combustion engines (Dictionary. Com). Air pollution, along with any other type of pollution are mostly caused by humans actions. The way people live today, and how they use their resources in daily life results in everyday pollution. Pollution can be considered as an undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities (Dictionary. Com). People may not realize this, but their actions directly affect their surroundings. Completing daily tasks such as driving a car has detrimental effects on Earths atmosphere and pollution levels. Global warming causes physical harm to humans, animals, and plant life. A change in the Earths climate could be detrimental to the Earths life. The physical harm that is inflicted on all of living life due to global warming poses as a problem: a social problem. : Global warming does not choose its victim based on any type of criteria such as race, age, gender, sexual orientation, class, income, or any stereotypical category. Global warming poses as a social problem by affecting a significant number of people, and by threatening the stability of the communitys environment. Since pollution is one Of the main factors in causing global warming, it also comes with health effects. These effects range from being short-term to being long-term. Short-term effects can be as simple as headaches nausea, and allergic reactions such as irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. Infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia can also occur. An example in history of health effects from pollution can be found in the Smog Disaster in 1952 located in London. In this Smog Disaster a total of four thousand people passed in only a few days. The death of these civilians was due to the high concentrations of pollution (Paraphrased from Lb. Gob). Long-term health effects include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys (Lb. Gob). Research has shown that younger children and elderly people are more sensitive to pollution compared to the general public. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly (Lb. Gob). Young hillier and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution (Lb. Gob). With global warming not being in full affect, the extents of the effects are currently unknown. The effects of global warming are only just beginning with mild winters and extremely hot summers. The climate change can be subtle or dramatic depending on how quickly it occurs. The increase in temperature in the climate either way will be harmful. With temperature increases ice caps in the Artic and Antarctica are melting at increasing rates. The melting of ice caps can have many changes includes the destruction of the habitat in the Artic as well as rising sea levels. Global warming could push sea levels about 40 percent higher than current models predict (Encephalographic. Com). Models suggest that by 21 00 sea level[s] will be between four and thirty-five inches Geiger than it was in 1990 (Encephalographic. Com). Ocean front properties and beaches can be destroyed and submerged in water because of these rising sea levels. The higher the temperatures and climates increase, the faster the sea levels will rise. A comparison of this at a minor scale could be like a house built in a flood plain next to a river. The more it rains the Geiger the water will rise. If the water rises to high, it will flood the flood plain, and destroy the house. Coastal areas will be affected similarly. A person could think of the coastal areas as a flood plain for the oceans. Ice caps melt from the rising temperatures, as the water heats up (even just slightly), the water will begin to expand. As the water expands the sea level will rise. Solutions to global warming and its effects range vastly. There are several different types of solutions ranging from micro-level solutions to macro-level solutions. Solutions can range from fuel-efficient vehicles to more environmental laws. Solutions to global warming may not fully diminish the problem, it may only reduce it. Renewable resources could play a main role in the solutions to reducing global warming. A key point is that if we were to switch to renewable resources it would cost the government a lot of money, which could result in higher taxes or some other means of obtaining the necessary amount of money. A plus to using renewable resources is the fact that in the long run they would pay for themselves. Not only would it provide jobs for the people who would be forced to leave the nonrenewable resources, it would also be opening up opportunities for the unemployed. Along with making our environment a safer and more hazard free living zone, wed also be leading towards a better economy. Our current economy state is negatively thought of, and switching to nonrenewable resources could put our government in debt. After so many years renewable resources will not only repay its own debt, but it will also produce a profit. The term renewable resources are relating to a natural resource, such as solar energy, water, or wood, that is never used up or that can be replaced by new growth. Resources that are dependent on Rexroth can sometimes be depleted beyond the point of amenability, as when the deforestation of land leads to desertification or when a commercially valuable species is harvested to extinction. Pollution can also make a renewable resource such as water unusable in a particular location (Dictionary-corn). The future problems dealing with global warming will lead to such massive problems that a solution and change will be demanded. Global warming is a social problem because of the public outcry that is already occurring. The state of our current economy is negatively thought of. If we were to invest in new solutions for global warming it would be a great cost. If we were to pay or the projects to reduce global warming that we believe will have an effect may put our country in great debt. If the country were to switch to fuel- efficient and renewable resources in all institutes and factories it would be a great cost. A good way to evaluate the methods of our solutions to global warming would involve technology we already possess. Measuring CO levels in the atmosphere and the amounts of trash and liter in our surrounding environment in comparison to the current and predicted conditions would only be a start. Actually comparing climate conditions to the predicted conditions would be a good evaluation.

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form Essay

New Media Marketing and Online Ordering Form - Essay Example Thus, the institutions that are undergoing with the effective projections and development are noted to be trying to adopt the diverse changes evident within the system and increasing the prominence. Hence, the need for maintaining the social development based on the technical advancement and other attributes there is a huge needs of maintaining competitive edge by successful adoption of technology in a progressive manner. Online ordering has evolved in a more appropriate manner for developing the overall attributes within the domain of globalization. With the effective development and progression within the social system, the concept of media marketing and online ordering has changed from luxury commodities to necessity. The progression within the social lifestyle and development of technology has initiated the effective development associated with the progression of social development. With the need of progression, social media has been included within the diverse field and has become one of the prominent recourses that supports social progression and effectiveness of the media needs. Integrated approaches of the social system and the rapid progression within the domain of socialization has enhanced transparency and increased effectiveness of the system. Increase on the dependency on technology and time constraints among the people has increased the involvement of new media in marketing (Peltola & M akinen, 2014). With this regard, the essay intends to elaborate on the new media that is associated with marketing and development of ordering forms for meeting the needs of technology savvy consumers. Technological advancement and progression within the system of media management has incorporated a contrasting view in the marketing and ordering online domain. This strategic integration is often noted to possess a very adverse impact on

Request for proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Request for - Research Proposal Example The firm is seeking an appropriately qualified contractor to provide a â€Å"turnkey† solution of an Integrated Information system that will cover the operation and business needs of the business. Your firm is invited to submit a proposal for undertaking the work described in this Request for Proposal (RFP). The IT system to be delivered by the contractor must fully cover the business needs of the restaurant business. Following are described the main components of the system, which include the Ordering (POS) application, the back office/finance subsystem and the website application. Ordering Application (POS System). The POS system will provide a full flow of a customer orders from the time they are ordered, until the final bill issuance. The waiter must be able to register the order of the customer, and pass it via the restaurant wireless network to the kitchen. Kitchen personnel will receive the order and start preparing the food. Waiter in charge of the order must be informed with a message when the order is ready, and will serve it to the customer. In that way no time will be missed at all as the waiter can be busy with many orders in parallel without having to be all the time close to the kitchen, waiting for the food to be served. At the time when the customer asks for the bill, waiter sends a message to the central computer system. The receipt is automatically printed by the POS portable device printer and is delivered to the customer, so that the waiting time for bill issuance is minimal. The POS system must support 5 waiters, and should be expandable t o 15. POS application must have a graphical interface that will display a plan of the restaurant at any time, so that the waiter is able to easily select and monitor the orders of each table in a convenient way. In addition, POS application must support a user friendly menu table, as

The Impact of Transformational Leadership On Organizational Innovation Research Paper

The Impact of Transformational Leadership On Organizational Innovation Moderated By Organizational Culture - Research Paper Example The changes in the global economy is yet another factor which is pressurizing the organizations as well as the leaders to develop and implement effective measures to ensure better and higher employee productivity, inspire innovation and create a favorable organizational environment and culture that supports and encourages employee creativity. Such transformations can be made through effective transformational leadership approach on the part of the management. There is documented evidence on the basis of various studies conducted over the years which point to the fact that transformational leadership plays a key role in bringing about revolutionary changes in the organizational environment and positively affects and influences various key areas such as: organizational productivity, employee creativity, increased job satisfaction, reduction in stress levels of employees and workers, greater levels of team commitment etc., among many others (Bass & Avolio, 1994; Bass, 1985; Dionne, Yamm arino, Atwater & Spangler, 2004; Howell & Avolio, 1993). Such studies suggest that transformational leadership can greatly influence and encourage organizational innovation and creativity as well as the development of appropriate and effective skills required to compete in this highly dynamic and ever changing external environment. There are various approaches to initiate and implement organizational change, however regardless of such approaches the key role in influencing such changes is played by the managers and leaders, who are required to influence and guide the employees through such a process. Organizations today are representative of a highly diverse... This essay stresses that the study of various theories and researches with regard to the impact of transformational leadership on organizational culture and innovation provide an insight into the role of leaders in managing change and influencing the employees to achieve higher performance outcomes. On the basis of the extensive research and studies carried out in this behalf, it can be safely claimed that transformational leadership has a direct impact on organizational innovation, culture, and vision. It instills various characteristic traits among the employees and followers such as a sense of commitment to team efforts. This paper makes a conclusion that furthermore studies and empirical research have pointed to the impact of transformational leaders on organizations in terms of building a strong and positive culture, indicating that such leadership style provides better opportunities to the leaders to influence their followers and building an environment which is effective in achieving the overall goals. The studies also suggest that there is a direct and positive relationship between transformational leaders and the organizational vision. The transformational leaders encourage innovation and provide a conducive environment to innovate and develop novel ideas to respond to the dynamic and rapidly changing external environment. Such a culture further helps in creation of new and long term visions for the organization which in turn helps it in sustaining its competitive positioning in the market by giving them a competitive edge.

Method for Measuring the Area of Radiometric Apertures

Method for Measuring the Area of Radiometric Apertures ERREIRA DA   Method for measuring the area of radiometric apertures using the ratio of Gaussian beams I propose and demonstrate a method for determining the area of radiometric apertures using the power ratio between Gaussian beams. The result relies on measuring the power of an optical beam of known radius with and without the radiometric aperture. The impact of the characterization of the laser beam and of the radiometric measurements on the area estimation is discussed and a 3-mm in-diameter sample is measured for validation. The contactless method is fast and simple and results in a relative uncertainty of 0.12%.   Calibration of the area of an aperture is necessary for radiometric and photometric measurements, including spectral irradiance [1- 4] and the realization of the SI unit candela [5-7]. The plethora of methods reported in literature can be assorted whether they are contact or contactless. Contact methods include probing the aperture border with an stylus, which position is mapped by an interferometric system [8]. Contactless methods are preferable as the possibility of damaging the sharp edge of the aperture during the measurement is avoided. A camera with an objective lens can be used for taking digital pictures of parts of the inner perimeter of the aperture, while an interferometric system is used for measuring the displacement of the images, allowing them to be further stithed together [9]. Another approach consists in raster scanning the aperture relative to a laser focused in a small spot in the aperture plane to determine the diameter at some radial angles [10]. Methods based on radiometric ratios have also been reported and depend on comparing measurements performed with a light overfilled aperture and a reference value. A spatially-uniform beam emerging from an integrating sphere can be used to compare the radiometric values obtained with the aperture under calibration and with the reference one [11]. Similarly a matrix of small-spot laser sources can be used [12, 13], with the reference provided by the known uniform irradiance distribution. In this paper I propose a method for determining the area of a radiometric aperture using the ratio between Gaussian laser beams. The result is obtained from measurements of the optical power transmitted through the overfilled aperture compared to the total optical power without the aperture, with the beam radius at the aperture plane previously characterized. The technique is contactless and the measurement is relatively fast, providing an alternative way for measuring radiometric apertures. A. Model The method proposed for determining the area of the aperture is based on measuring the radiometric ratio between the beam limited by the aperture and the full beam. Consider a Gaussian beam propagating along the zˆ  axis with an intensity distribution in the radial direction à Ã‚  on the transversal plane described as I (1) where the beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) is [14] (2) and the waist radius is à Ã¢â‚¬ °0 = à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (0). The beam radii in the analysis are taken at 1/e2 of the maximum intensity. The total optical power of the beam is obtained by integrating its intensity over the transversal area as   Ã‚   Ptotal /2(3) The circular radiometric aperture is modelled as a Boxcar function with mean radius r à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) and transmittance given by g (x, y) = rect(4) Positioning the aperture in the plane orthogonal to the beam axis at à Ã‚ =0 reduces the measured optical power in eq. (3) to Z r Pap (z) =I (à Ã‚ , z) 2à Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ dà Ã‚ (5) 0 The ratio between the optical power limited by the aperture at position z and the total optical power of the beam is thus [14] (z)2r2 R(6) The radius of the aperture is obtained by inverting eq. (6), resulting in r (7) Equation (7) reveals the dependence of the aperture radius on the beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ ° and radiometric ratio R measured at a given axial position. The sensitivity coefficients of the radius equation relative to those components are 2(8) (z) The uncertainty of the measured area is composed [15] as ur (9) The area of the radiometric aperture is then trivially obtained from the circle formula, S = à Ã¢â€š ¬r2, with uncertainty given by uS = 2à Ã¢â€š ¬rur. B. Method The first step of the method is the determination of the longitudinal profile of the Gaussian beam. This can be accomplished in practice by using the knife-edge scanning method [16] or using a spatially-resolving photodetector (for example, a CMOS or CCD camera). While the later can be troubling for beams wider than the sensitive area of the camera, the primer requires caution relative to radial asymmetries in the beam profile. The astigmatism of the beam must be verified by knife-edge scanning along orthogonal directions in the transversal plane and the mean radius is considered. The beam longitudinal profile reveals important information about the tolerance of the axial positioning of the aperture relative to the transversal plane where the beam is determined. Next step consists on positioning the aperture in the beam path. Carefully placing the aperture front plane at the axial position where the beam has been characterized avoids the need for a correction on the beam radius value. The aperture under measurement must then be centralized relative to the beam axis. A recursive gradient search can be performed along the plane axes until convergence at the maximum optical power, where à Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 0. The value of the optical power measured with the aperture is compared to the total optical power measured without it. This ratio and the mean beam radius are substituted in eq. (7) and the aperture radius is determined. Research Article Applied Optics 2 A laser diode with continuous-wave emission at 633 nm is collected with an objective lens into a meter-long single-mode optical fiber (Thorlabs SM600 [17]), which acts as a spatial filter by selecting the LP01 transversal mode. The beam is launched into free-space through the tip of an FC-PC connector and collimated using an 1-large AR-coated plano-convex lens (L2) with a focal length of 38.2 mm, as illustrated in Fig. 1. A similar lens (L3) with 150-mm long focal length focuses the beam into the photo-detector. Fig. 1. Experimental setup. LD: laser diode; L: plano-convex lens; C: fiber connector; PD: photo-detector; PC: personal computer. The beam profile is determined using the knife-edge method. A pair of razor blades is scanned in the plane orthogonal to the optical beam in both xˆ  (horizontal) and yˆ  (vertical) directions, using a pair of linear actuators (Newport TRA25PPD and CMA25PP). The optical power is measured by an optical power meter with a diffuser probe (Thorlabs PM100). Data acquisition and transversal positioning of the knives and aperture are performed with a personal computer. Flip mounts allow for selecting either the knives or the aperture, which are placed in the same xˆ  à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ yˆ  translation stage. The translation stages, the lens L3 and the photo-detector are fixed into a platform and move together to the desired position in axial direction zˆ . The aperture under characterization has nominal diameter of 3 mm and is built in anodized aluminium with sharp edges. The offset distance between the planes of the knives and the aperture is set within 0.05 mm using a multi-probe optical reflectometer [18]. An automated routine is used to position the aperture in the transversal plane relative to the optical beam by scanning it along xˆ  and yˆ  directions until it is centralized. The radiometric ratio is obtained by removing and reinserting the aperture using the flip mount while the power is measured using a silicon photodiode (Hamamatsu S1227-1010BQ) in photovoltaic mode. Calibrated trans-impedance amplifier (LabKinetics Vinculum) and digital voltmeter (Agilent 34401A) are used. Conditioning the signals for using a single range of these devices avoids linearity issues. The detector typical linearity is better than 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 [19]. A. Beam width The width of the Gaussian beam is determined at different positions along the axial direction in both horizontal and vertical axes. Figure 2 shows a sample of the transversal beam profile Fig. 2. Sample of the transversal intensity profile of the beam. The slices in the details cross the center and are Gaussian fit. The longitudinal profile of the beam is evaluated by applying the knife-edge analysis at different axial positions. The optical power measured as a function of the knife position in xˆ  direction is modelled as the integral of the Gaussian intensity, resulting in the error function: P (10) Equation (10) indicates that the measured power profile reveals the horizontal beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ °x (z). The procedure performed along the yˆ  direction returns a similar result as a function of the vertical beam radius à Ã¢â‚¬ °y (z). Figures 3a and 3b show the power measured with the knifeedge method along both xˆ  and yˆ  directions, respectively. A group of 10 scans, with 0.25-mm steps, is taken at a given axial position. Data is interpolated to steps of 0.1 mm using piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomials [20]. Non-linear curve fit (Levemberg-Marquadt method) is globally applied to data with the beam radius parameter shared by all curves in the group. The beam radius values as a function of the axial distance to the collimating lens are shown in Fig. 3c. Observe that the beam profile behaves linearly at the sampled axial positions. Fitting data with eq. (2) reveals the horizontal and vertical waists localized at about 3.3 m and 3.7 m, respectively. The slope of 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢4 indicates that a positioning error between the knives and the aperture of 0.05 mm has negligible impact on estimated radius. The beam is slightly astigmatic (horizontal radius about 1% greater than the vertical one), so the average radius is computed from both horizontal and vertical radii as /2(11) B. Radiometric ratio The radiometric ratio is determined from five groups of measurement of the total beam power, alternated with four measurements of the power limited by the aperture. Interleaved measurements allows for data interpolation and avoids slow drift effects. Each measurement is composed by a group of 30 data points, corrected by the dark measurement. Three measurement were performed at each axial position. The calibration data of the trans-impedance amplifier and voltmeter are used for correction and considered in the uncertainty budget see next section. The average ratio of 0.3373 allows for performing both measurements (with and without the aperture) in the same scale of the amplifier and voltmeter. Keeping the measurement range of the equipment fixed avoids linearity issues, which must otherwise be corrected and could burden on the uncertainty budged. C. Aperture radius/area and uncertainty budget The aperture radius is computed from the measured values of à Ã¢â‚¬ ° (z) and R (z) using eq. (7). The result obtained at three different axial distances from the collimating lens are presented in Fig. 4a. The uncertainty budget for the radius measurement is presented in Table 1. The uncertainty of the beam width and power ratio are combined with the reproducibility of the measurement. The radius measurement is obtained from the global fit of the knife-edge scan measurements. The impact of the beam divergence is obtained by multiplying this value by the maximum axial offset between the knife-edge and the aperture plane. The beam width uncertainty is dominant over all other components. Improvements over this estimation would greatly benefit the final uncertainty. The repeatability comes from the statistics of the ratio measurements. Stability of the laser source is the major component and could be iproved using a further power stabilization closedloop. The amplifier and voltmeter uncertainties are obtained Fig. 4. Experimental results: (a) aperture radius measurements and (b) its final area. The reference values are certified results. Standard uncertainties represent k=1. Table 1. Uncertainty budget for the measurement of the aperture radius (relative values). Component Type Uncertainty (k=1) Radius measurements B 5.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢4 Beam divergence [mm] B 2.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Trans-impedance amplifier B 6.3 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Voltmeter B 5.5 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢5 Photodiode linearity B 6.2 ÃÆ'- 10à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢6 Power ratio 0.00017 Reproducibility [mm] A 0.00027 Aperture radius [mm] 0.00062 from their calibration uncertainty and from the linear regression over the measurement range. The photo-diode linearity is taken from literature. The reproducibility is taken from the independent repetitions. Among other factors, it accounts for small room temperature variation (oC), different axial positions, and repositioning of the aperture center relative to the beam axis. The final relative uncertainty obtained for the measurement of area is 0.12%. The validation of the method is assessed by comparing the results to a certified value, as shown in Table 2. The certificates present a relative uncertainty (k=1) of 0.0065 mm2 for the area value and a calibration drift (rectangular distribution) between bi-annual measurements of 0.0410 mm2 is observed, composing a combined uncertainty of 0.415 mm2. Research Article Applied Optics 4 Table 2. Experimental results and validation (k=1). Measured area Certified Relative Normalized [mm2] area [mm2] difference [%] error 7.0056  ± 0.0087 6.998  ± 0.042 0.11 0.18 The relative error between the measured and certificated values is 0.11%, while the normalized error [15] is below unit, indicating the compatibility of the results. The coverage factor of the measurements, calculated for a confidence interval of 95.45%, is k=2. The area of an aperture impacts directly on the determination of some radiometric and photometric quantities. This paper presents a simple and fast contactless method for characterizing an aperture area through the measurement of radiometric ratio of characterized Gaussian beams. The model is presented and the measurement uncertainty budget is discussed. The results are validated and indicate the method as suitable for metrology applications. References       M. White, N. P. Fox, V. E. Ralph, and N. J. Harrison, The characterization of a high-temperature black body as the basis for the NPL spectralirradiance scale, Metrologia 32, 431-434 (1995/96). P. Sperfeld, K.-H. Raatz, B. Nawo, W. Mà ¶ller, and J. Metzdorf, Spectralirradiance scale based on radiometric black-body temperature measurements, Metrologia 32, 435-439 (1995/96). P. Kà ¤rhà ¤, P. Toivanen, F. Manoochehri, and E. Ikonen, Development of a detector-based absolute spectral irradiance scale in the 380-900-nm spectral range, App. Opt. 36, 8909-8918 (1997). H. W. Yoon, C. E. Gibson, and P. Y. Barnes, Realization of the National Institute of Standards and Technology detector-based spectral irradiance scale, App. Opt. 41, 5879-5890 (2002). L. P. Boivin, A. A. Gaertner, and D. S. Gignac, Realization of the New Candela (1979) at NRC, Metrologia 24, 139-152 (1987). T. M. Goodman and P. J. Key, The NPL Radiometric Realization of the Candela, Metrologia 25, 29-40 (1988). E. Ikonen, P. Kà ¤rhà ¤, A. Lassila, F. Manoochehri, H. Fagerlund and L. Liedquist, Radiometric realization of the candela with a trap detector, Metrologia 32, 689-692 (1995/96). J. E. Martin, N. P. Fox, N. J. Harrison, B. Shipp, and M. Anklin, Determination and comparisons of aperture areas using geometric and radiometric techniques, Metrologia 35, 461-464 (1998). J. Fowler and M. Litorja, Geometric area measurements of circular apertures for radiometry at NIST, Metrologia 40, S9-S12 (2003). J. Fischer and M. Stock, A non-contact measurement of radiometric apertures with an optical microtopography sensor, Meas. Sci. Technol. 3, 693698 (1992). V. E. Anderson, N. P. Fox, and D. H. Nettleton, Highly stable, monochromatic and tunable optical radiation source and its application to high accuracy spectrophotometry, App. Opt. 31, 536-545 (1992). A. Lassila, P. Toivanen and E. Ikonen, An optical method for direct determination of the radiometric aperture area at high accuracy, Meas. Sci. Technol. 8, 973977 (1997). E. Ikonen, P. Toivanen and A. Lassila, A new optical method for high-accuracy determination of aperture area, Metrologia 35, 369-372 (1998). B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of photonics, 2nd ed., 2007. JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of measurement data Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, 1st ed., 2010. M. A. C. Araà ºjo, R. Silva, E. Lima, D. P. Pereira, and P. C. de Oliveira, Measurement of Gaussian laser beam radius using the knife-edge technique: improvement on data analysis, App. Opt. 48, 393-396 (2009). Some equipment and components are cited for the sake of clarity and this does not mean endorsement or recommendation. T. Ferreira da Silva, Multi-probe remote differential optical lowcoherence reflectometer, Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 58, 2606-2609 (2016). A. Haapalinna, T. Kà ¼barsepp, P. Kà ¤rhà ¤, and E. Ikonen, Measurement of the absolute linearity of photodetectors with a diode laser, Meas. Sci. Technol. 10, 1075-1078 (1999). https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/ref/pchip.html (accessed in 10/24/2016).

Nikola Tesla Essay -- biographies biography bio

Tesla was born in Smiljan, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia) on July 9, 1856. He studied engineering at two institutions in Austria-Hungary--Graz Technical University (now in Austria) and the University of Prague (now in the Czech Republic). Tesla left the University of Prague in 1880, without a degree, after his father died. He then worked for a short time for Austria-Hungary's telephone system in Budapest (now in Hungary). In 1882, Tesla moved to Paris, where he worked for the Continental Edison Company. While at Graz Technical University, Tesla had seen a demonstration of a generator run as a direct-current (DC) motor. Direct current is electric current that flows in only one direction. During the demonstration, the brushes and the commutator of the motor sparked violently. The brushes are devices that conduct the current in a DC motor. The commutator continually reverses the current so that the motor continues to rotate in one direction. Tesla believed a motor without a commutator could be devised. In 1881, while walking in a park, Tesla suddenly got an idea for a simple way to produce such a device. In 1883, while on assignment for Continental Edison in Strasbourg, France, Tesla used his spare time to build his first polyphase (out-of-step) AC motor. In such a motor, coils are arranged so that when out-of-step alternating currents energize them, the resulting magnetic field rotates at a predetermined speed. In 1884, Tesla left Europe for the United States and went to work for the inventor Thomas Edison. Edison respected the young engineer but the American inventor was a strong supporter of direct current (DC), and so he had little interest in Tesla's alternating current (AC) generation, transmission, and motor ... ... creation of fluorescent lighting. During his later years he led a secluded, eccentric, and penniless life, nearly forgotten by the world he believed would someday honor him. Tesla died on Jan. 7, 1943, in New York City. It is rather sad that a man who gave the world so much, received so little for his efforts. History books have been unkind as well. Even today, many texts still credit Marconi with the invention of radio, despite the Supreme Court decision which overruled Marconi and awarded it to Tesla. In many parts of this country, people still refer to the electric utility as the 'Edison Company', even though they use the Tesla-Westinghouse alternating current system. The Tesla Museum in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, was dedicated to the inventor after his death and in 1956 the tesla, a unit of magnetic flux density in the metric system, was named in his honor.