Business Decision Making Analysis - Assignment Highlights

Question: Talk about the Business Decision Making Analysis. Answer: Presentation Business choice examination for the particular task features the devices and procedures that can be utilized for considering the authoritative plan and structure of Reliance Telecommunications Limited dependent on the partner intrigue. In addition, to assess the social and condition costs while assessing various choices association has taken in operational viewpoint whether in India or Global. All things considered, the exploration approach represents a structure for inquire about that should be embraced in meeting the theory just as the dynamic traits of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Research Methodology In past task, we managed issue of business explanation nadidentification, determination and investigation of the examination strategies that could be ideally be worthwhile for the gathering and preparing of the information from the partners. Be that as it may, the exploration approach will additionally break down the dynamic framework through the plan of theory while doing various tests in the examination procedure. Research Tool The examination onion is a method that is perceives on the various sheets of the investigation system, which can be surveyed over the exercises of the investigation. By and by, it diagrams a structure for the investigation recommendation grasped to propel data as for the investigation question (DePoyGitlin, 2015). Along these lines, the best possible examination is browsed the layers in the exploration assessment to help in considering the association plan and structure of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. In any case, particular layers have been discussed under different heads choosing positive technique that can go about as a course of action of development in the legitimate direct kind of investigation overseeing in different settings. Figure 1: Research Onion Source:(Johnston, 2014) Research Paradigm The exploration onion is a gadget that perceives the assorted sheets of the examination system, which can be evaluated over the exercises of the appraisal. By the by, it diagrams a structure for the worldview grasps to answer the speculation just as training attempted in the association. In this way, the best possible investigation is browsed the layers of the examination onion to help with propelling investigation with various apparatus utilized in the worldview (ZhouNunes, 2015). Be that as it may, two sorts of research worldview are considered. One is philosophy in which is thinking dependent on genuine realities lined up with the conduct of the individuals. In any case, the other research is epistemology in which the realities are considered with the information and data subsidiary with those realities (Goertz Mahoney, 2012). Regardless, unmistakable layers have been discussed under different heads choosing clear technique that can go about as a course of action of development in the definitive direct kind of investigation overseeing in different settings. Support for Epistemology Paradigm The epistemology investigate worldview has been embraced to contemplate the realities that are as of now common in the reports of Reliance Telecommunications Limited and utilize a similar arrangement of thoughts to test utilizing the partner premium. In any case, the investigation embraced applies to the association structure and plan of Reliance Telecommunications Limited dependent on the target idea of the exploration. Research Philosophy The primary sheet of research onion comprises to consider the physical positions and what's more philosophes with a vigilant gaze to characterize the structure and bearing of the examination. Regardless, the decisions of research ways of thinking are dominating on the separating the data and information. There are six philosophical speculations that are directed in the investigation. They are objectivism, practicality, constructivism, interpretivism,positivism and authenticity (Gray, 2013). If, objectivism deals with the law that impacts a get-together of individuals such, that social factors contrast from social wonder. Although,constructivism is converse to objectivism where social factors are free of social marvel. The amalgamation of the two is known aspragmatismwhereas authenticity approach deals with the social reality that perceives two social substances from one another with the ultimate objective that they are self-sufficient from one another (Bunge, 2012). On the other hand, positivism just as authenticity are very comparable in light of the fact that hypothesisneeds to be produced and utilizing that makes a gathering of investigation which will being out substantial just as dependable outcomes. In conclusion, interpretivism is a subjective procedure as it incorporates back ing of people dissecting the important thoughts the individuals with respect to the exploration (Goldkuhl, 2012). Avocation for Positivism Philosophy The positivism reasoning has been taken on the grounds that the examination of the different choices can't be founded on the emotional information since target information will help in assessing the physicalenvironment and the manner in which it has added to the interior and outside structure and plan of Reliance Telecommunication Limited whether through partner intrigue or the business choices. Research Approach The second sheet of research onion establishes to consider undertaking a choice dependent on the objectives that the exploration has set to assess. In any case, the exploration approach can be explainedbased on two methodologies one is deductive and the other is inductive. Deductive includes setting a level to meet the exploration utilizing research speculation though inductive methodology devises the clarification of the hypothesis utilizing examination to enslave a hypothesis dependent on investigate questions (Hitchcock, 2012). Legitimization for Deductive Approach The deductive methodology selects to be reasonable for the exploration, as it will be founded on assessing the speculation testing and the manner in which the examination had been attempted in shaping offices, different controls, legitimate nature that has helped in embraced different business choices over the long haul. Research Design The exploration configuration is the second sheet of the examination onion wherein three types of plans are mapped in the examination. They are exploratory, clear and causal research. The exploratory plan is finding thoughts and bits of knowledge utilizing the current information on the examination. This exploration is adaptable yet is viewed as the front finish of all out research plan. Then again, the enlightening designcan be founded on the attributes just as elements of the examination. Despite the fact that, this structure is for huge example yet is dissected quantitatively utilized overviews and perception of other information. The third plan is causal structure in nature as it helps in deciding the analyses that can helps in control of at least one free factors (Younus, 2014). Support for Descriptive Design The expressive structure is considered in light of the fact that the business choice examination should be assessed utilizing business choices embraced in detailing vertical arrangement and being activity to clients through media transmission administration. In spite of the fact that, the plan of systematic apparatus taken will be quantitative however new bits of knowledge can likewise be drawn for dreary procedure of enhancing structure that could be worthy in the market (Brandimarte, 2012). Logical Tools/Strategies The logical apparatuses in the business choice are the backbone of the examination that the associations embraced in understanding the work process forms worker productivity just as budgetary administration (Camm, et al., 2015). Notwithstanding, the apparatuses that go to be critical in the examination are reenactment, choice tree, pattern graph, money related projections just as benchmarking. The apparatuses are performed by the associations to portray the presentation of the association in comparative with its rivals and the various open doors that are introduced before the association. In the event that choice tree on one hand is utilized to decide the potential results then reenactment, then again, records the attributes of the theoretical framework just as physical procedure. Pattern outlines is to show information after some time and money related projection is to portray how quick speculations can be acquire as benefit (Bordawekar, BlaineyPuri, 2015). Support for Decision Tree The support for picking choice tree as an instrument is on the grounds that it helps in applying the essential results whether results, utility or asset costs. In addition, to break down the tasks of any association whether local or worldwide, it is imperative to delineate the perspective of the association. Be that as it may, for this situation, we will examine the various tasks attempted in to consider the development of association structure and plan of Reliance Telecommunications Limited. Figure 2: Decision Analysis Tree Source:(RokachMaimon, 2014) Research Methods The examination onion has fourth sheet as research strategy which delineates that whether the exploration attempted will be subjective, quantitative or blended research. This sheet consolidates the model to feature the genuine arrangement in social affair data. Subjective investigation relies upon singular records, emotions and portrayals while quantitativestudy relies upon the records and is concerned with estimations and sum (Anderson, et al., 2012). In any case, blended is a mixed technique takes both emotional and quantitative investigation in thought. Avocation for Quantitative Method The quantitative technique in this examination is taken for two purposes initially is that the business choice tree is quantitative in nature and will help in exploring on the activity choices in the exploration. Also, the exploration should be assessed to examine whether the choices taken had been productive in development of hierarchical structure and plan or not founded on the partner intrigue. The partner will be assessed dependent on the overview poll utilizing distinctive contextual analyses dependent on the choices or could

Accounting for Business Combination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Representing Business Combination - Essay Example The acquirer picks up order over the advantages and the related liabilities. It is deserving of expressing that when trade in business happens, it very well may be named as business blend. It is noteworthy for all the business mixes to be represented using the buy procedure of bookkeeping. Control can be picked up by buying the benefits themselves or by methods for buying power over the partnership having the advantages (Grant Thornton, 2011). The principle target of the paper is to examine about representing business blend, to distinguish the present issues and along these lines to basically break down them. The paper will try to talk about various principles that can be relevant in settling the issues identified with representing business blend. Business Combinations One of the primary objectives of the business association is to accomplish development. It is frequently expressed by the top administrations that development or extension is the significant objective of the business a ssociation. An organization may grow consistently by mounting its scope of items. Some of the organizations have achieved their goal of development by method of business mixes. The representing business blends is basically controlled with the assistance to four standards, for example, IFRS3, IAS 27, IAS 36 just as IAS 38.The factor worth considering is that a business mix might be either amicable or should be hostile. At the point when neighborly blend happens, it is the obligation of the sheets of executives of both the consolidating organizations to deal upon collectively fulfilling terms identified with arranged mixes. After that the investors of the consolidating organizations need to support the proposition. Then again, a hostile blend happens when the governing body of the organization contradict the mix. In such cases, for the most part by method of delicate offer the procuring organization is fit for cooperating with the individual investors (Qfinance, 2012). Favorable circu mstances and Disadvantages of Business Combination There are various routes through which the organizations may extend. A couple of the organizations should extend inside while others may decide to grow remotely. An association may decide to grow inside by including themselves in innovative work. If there should arise an occurrence of outside development, the organizations endeavor to extend through gaining at least one organizations. Alongside snappy development, there are various advantages of outer extension or business mix strategy in contrast with inner extension (Deloitte, 2012). At the point when the blend is vertical or flat, such mix with a current organization will in general present the administration of the getting organization with a specialty unit which is built up having encountered work force, profitable offices, ordinary providers just as circulation channels. Besides, such business mixes help organizations to contend in a successful manner in the worldwide market. The vast majority of the occasions, it is evident that the organizations go for business mixes so as to take advantage of the personal expense laws. By methods for recording a solidified expense form, the gainful corporations’ charge risk may be limited in light of the misfortunes of unbeneficial members. Broadening happening from such mixes furnishes the joining organizations with various advantages, for example, more noteworthy adaptability, an interior capital market, ascend in the obligation limit of the organization, more prominent shield from the adversaries over restrictive data, and now and again ability to utilize the hierarchical assets (PwC, 2012). Regardless of its countless advantages, business combinat

Presented With A Change, People Are Already Catching On To Persuasive Essay Topics On Cyber Bullying

Presented With A Change, People Are Already Catching On To Persuasive Essay Topics On Cyber BullyingCyber bullying can be just as traumatic as physical or verbal bullying but most people would like to think that they are the only victims of such attacks. However, as stated in the title of this article, persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying can make a difference.The Internet is a very large marketplace of different methods and techniques that are all considered 'the best'. Some will just consider it a mere shortcut to get to their heart's desire, while others are aware of the immense potentials of the internet. Now, what is really needed is for someone to take the time to do some research and put in a little effort before investing in these resources.One might think that there are no online communities where one can take advantage of the great information available on the internet. While there are those forums out there that are mainly concerned with legal matters, these usually w ill not be able to offer a whole lot of help. There is also the case where someone asks to contribute something about a certain topic. Most people would find this difficult to cope with because of the restrictions that one would have to put on his or her time.All this is what is commonly known as persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying. These will be helpful when someone is writing his or her own essay because he or she will not need to stress himself about how much the subject matter has already been covered in other articles. Since the written word is not something that anyone wants to put in their body, it would be best if there was a way to cover up the 'myths' or theories related to the subject matter.The web is full of a wealth of persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying. To make sure that the material that you are about to put up there is going to stand up to scrutiny, you need to do your homework first. Some of the things that you need to look out for include the followin g:Since you are probably tired of arguing whether this is true or not, you need to use the persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying when it comes to trying to come up with an effective rebuttal to a certain argument. You need to use this as a way to get people to start thinking about the subject matter. This will become a defense mechanism that can protect you from attacks that could possibly come at you.Those persuasive essay topics on cyber bullying are by no means a thing of the past. They can now be used more effectively than ever before. If you take the time to learn and apply the information that you are going to use, you will be able to craft an effective response to whatever your opponents may dish out at you.

Biography of Elena Kagan

Elena Kagan is one of nine  U.S. Supreme Court justices,  and only the fourth woman to hold a position on the nations highest court since its first session in 1790. She was nominated to the court in 2010 by then-President Barack Obama, who described her as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"one of the nation’s foremost legal minds.† The U.S. Senate confirmed her nomination later that year, making her the 112th justice to serve on the Supreme Court. Kagan replaced Justice John Paul Stevens, who had retired after 35 years on the court. Education Hunter College High School  in Manhattan, New York, class of 1977.Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; she earned  a bachelors degree in history in 1981.Worcester College in Oxford, England; she earned a  master’s degree in philosophy in 1983.Harvard University Law School; she earned a law degree in 1986. Career in Academia, Politics and Law Before she took a seat on the Supreme Court, Kagan worked as a professor, an attorney in private practice and as solicitor general of the United States. She was the first woman to supervise the office that handles litigation for the federal government before the Supreme Court.   Here are Kagans career highlights 1986 to 1987: Law clerk for  Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Washington, D.C., Circuit.1988: Law clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice  Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American to serve on the court.1989 to 1991: Associate attorney in the powerful Washington, D.C., law firm of Williams Connolly, which was co-founded by  Edward Bennett Williams, the legendary trial lawyer who represented the likes of John Hinckley Jr., Frank Sinatra, Hugh Hefner, Jimmy Hoffa and Joseph McCarthy.1991 to 1995: Assistant professor of law, then tenured professor of law, at the  University of Chicago  Law School.1995 to 1996: Associate counsel to President Bill Clinton.1997 to 1999: Deputy assistant to the president for domestic policy, and deputy director of the Domestic Policy Council under Clinton.1999 to 2001: Visiting professor of law at Harvard Law School.2001: Professor of law at  Harvard Law School, teaching  administrative law, constitutional law, civil pro cedure, and separation of powers theory.2003 to 2009:  Dean of the Harvard Law School. 2009 to 2010: Solicitor general under President Barack Obama.2010 to current: Associated justice of the Supreme Court. Controversies Kagans tenure on the Supreme Court has been relatively free of controversy. Yes, even Supreme Court justice invite scrutiny; ask Justice Clarence Thomas, whose absolute silence during almost seven years of oral arguments baffled court observers, legal scholars and journalists. Justice Samuel Alito, one of the most conservative voices on the court,  has openly criticized his fellow members, particularly following the courts  landmark decision on same-sex marriage. And the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who was famous for his unrestrained opinions, once said homosexuality should be a crime. The biggest dustup surrounding Kagan was a request for her to recuse herself from consideration of a challenge to Obamas health care law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare for short. Kagans office of solicitor general under Obama had been on record as supporting the act in a legal proceeding. A group called Freedom Watch challenged Kagans judicial independence. The court declined to entertain the allegation. Kagans liberal personal beliefs and style of writing also came back to haunt her during her confirmation hearings. Conservative Republicans accused her of being unable to set aside her biases. In her memos to Justice Marshall as well as her work for Clinton, Kagan consistently wrote from her own perspective, prefacing her advice with I think and I believe and distinguishing her opinions from other members of Clintons White House team or from the presidents own opinions, said  Carrie Severino of the Conservative Judicial Crisis Network. Alabama Sen.  Jeff Sessions, a conservative Republican who would later serve in Donald Trumps administration, said: A troubling pattern has already emerged in Ms. Kagans record. Throughout her career, she has demonstrated a willingness to make legal decisions based not on the law but instead on her very liberal politics. As dean of the Harvard Law School, Kagan drew fire for her objection to having  military recruiters on campus because she believed the federal government policy that banned  openly gay individuals from serving in the military violated the universitys  anti-discrimination policy. Personal Life Kagan was born and raised in New York City; her mother was a school teacher and her father was an attorney. She is unmarried and has no children. 5 Important Quotes   Kagan has not granted interviews with the news media, so court observers are left to scour her opinions, briefs and testimony during her confirmation hearings. Here are some select quotes on key issues. Sometimes you read these opinions and you think they must hate each other. Its just not true.  We have enormous respect for each other and a feeling that we are all operating in good faith. ... If you take this stuff personally, this is going to be a long life tenure. - Kagan speaking about the collegiality among the justices and the court, which she described as in some ways, the most intimate, warmest institution Ive participated in.â€Å"If you confirm me, you’ll be getting Justice Kagan. You won’t get Justice Marshall.† - Kagan defending herself against claims from Republican U.S. senators that she was a legal progressive, or judicial activist, during her confirmation hearings.The Supreme Court, of course, has the responsibility of ensuring that our government never oversteps its proper bounds or violates the rights of individuals. But the Court must also recognize the limits on itself and respect the choices made by the American people. - Kagan, explaining her philosophy of judicial restraint.All I can say about that paper is that it is dangerous to write papers about the law before youve spent a day in law school. I wrote that paper before I spent a day in law school. I was trying to think about whether to go to law school and I decided to write a paper about law in order to figure out whether I was interested in the subject... So I would just ask you to recognize that I didnt know a whole lot of law. - Kagan telling lawmakers to ignore a paper she wrote about justice who mold and steer the law.It means  Id have to get my hair done more often, Sen. Specter. Kagan replying to U.S. Sen. Arlen Specters question about allowing television cameras in U.S. Supreme Court arguments..

Faith And The American Of The Philippines - 1096 Words

Faith Daniel is a forty-six-year-old denizen of Montgomery, Texas of Chinese descent. Even though Faith was born in the Philippines, she is profoundly influenced by her Chinese ancestry. Her ancestors moved from China to the Philippines due to a World War. She has three sisters. Faith is a certified teacher with teaching experience in the private school sector. Impressively, she can verbalize English, Mandarin, French, and dactylology. The Chinese culture places more value on male children because they carry on the family name. Therefore, when Faith s mother was pregnant with her fourth female child she was offered to trade her baby for a cousin s male child. Faith s parents refused to trade causing a significant disgrace to the family.†¦show more content†¦For instance, their house had to be thoroughly cleaned. Trash was not allowed in the house this day in fear that the family would have trash in their life all year long. Traditionally, new red clothing was laid out for ea ch person and had to be worn. Red envelopes placed under pillows contained an even amount of money. A feast prepared on New Year s Eve was available on New Year s Day. However, cooking was not allowed on the first day of the new year. Fu, the red Chinese symbol of luck, was placed upside down in their doorway to allow luck to flow into their home. Faith is able to identify various prejudices in her culture. In the Philippines, the Chinese people looked down on the Filipinos. The Filipino people were not very accepting of the Chinese because they considered them to be much smarter than they were. Her grandfather had paramount influence in the family s affairs. Faith recalls being taught that you must always marry into the same status. Her greatest fear is disrespecting her parents. Faith s father chose which college his daughters would attend and even selected their major area of study. If they did not follow his wishes, that would be a tremendous disgrace to the family. Faith s grea test success is her children. She is extremely proud that she has been able to pass down her Chinese heritage to them. Furthermore, she attributes her successes and accomplishments to her mother s lofty

Corporate Governance Australian Securities and Investment Commission

Question: Discuss about the case study Corporate Governance for Australian Securities and Investment Commission. Answer: Introduction: In the context of Australia, Public companies are commonly enlisted to the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). As mentioned by Gibson and Brown (2012), these enlisted companies are the subject of broad and strict directives and they are subjected under the regulations of Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC). However, in most of the recent cases it has been found that the CEOs or other managerial authorities are not satisfying the legal or ethical cravings of the organization. Here, the cases of Enron, HIH, One.Tel Ltd and many other companies can be discussed. In most of the cases, the CEOs have found guilty of ethical behaviour and lack of control of the Board of directors over them has led the companies to corporate failures. In the cases like Harris Scarfe Ltd. it has been found that the CEO was incapable and indecisive to work in favor of the company. On the other hand, in case of Parmalat, fraudulent account handling has criminalized the management. In such a cont ext, these public listed companies need to focus on the corporate governance and compliance to the ASIC norms. Purpose: From the above discussion, it can be said that the corporations need to focus on creating a better ethical and responsible environment within the company. Hence, it is needed for them to delineate the authorities between the BOD and the CEO. Moreover, to uphold good corporate governance the corporations need to take some strategic steps. Discussion: As discussed by Tricker (2015), aboard of directorscan be identified as body of nominated or selected members who in cooperation supervise or administer the activities of an organization or a profit making company. On the other hand, a CEO can be identified as the chairperson of the board. As discussed by McCahery et al. (2016), CEO is the highest executive liable for the maneuver and administration of a company. The prescribed role and responsibilities of the Board of directors: Foundation of the vision, mission and values of the company: As discussed by Erkens et al. (2016), the members of the board of directors should determine the companys vision and mission. As they are the supervisors of the management and operation of the company, they need to set the path for the members of the organization. As opined by Solomon (2014), the board of directors needs to have a better control over the corporate entities in the context of corporate failures. Hence, it is needed for the directors to determine and ingrain the values of the company among the members. The corporations are accountable to the stakeholders, hence, it is the responsibility of the board of directors to review the company goals and determine the company policies (Dean et al. 2014). According to the Legitimacy theory, the companies need to ensure that they are operating within the standards of existing society (Rezaee and Kedia 2012). Hence, the directors need to focus on laying down the values and vision of the company according to the societal norms. It is important to include non-executive directors to the board. As he/she is not liable to the management, he/she can be more independent regarding their decision and choices. The number of them must be significant. It will make the board more independent from the management. Recruit, supervise, retain, and evaluate: As opined by Christensen et al. (2015), Recruiting, supervising, retaining, evaluating and compensating the CEO or general manager are probably the most important functions of the board of directors. Within the framework of corporate governance, it is important to hire the right persons for the posts like CEO, CFO, President and many more. As discussed by Solomon (2014), in most of the cases, corporate failure has usually been attributed to behavioral factors such as exuberance, greediness and hubris in economic boom and consequences in taking of excessive risk by companies. Hence, it is important for the Board of Directors to identify the right persons and recruit them. Setting of strategy and structure of the company: As discussed by Hamilton and Micklethwait (2016), it is important for the directors to evaluate the opportunities and threats to the business operation and outline the pragmatic strategies. The directors need to prevent insolvent trading. They need to be informed of the financial status of the company. They have a statutory power to restrict insolvent trading and they are personally liable to the debts during insolvency. According to the Australian Accounting Standards (AASB), the directors are also liable to prepare the financial reports (Gibson and Brown 2012). Delegate to management: The board needs to allocate the roles; monitor, and evaluate the implementation of the strategies. They need to exercise effective internal control. In performing this task, the board needs to communicate with the senior management. Accountability to the shareholders: The board needs to ensure a proper communication and information channel back and forth with the shareholders. They need to take account of the interest of the shareholders. The board must maintain a good will with the shareholders (Anderson 2014). Other roles: The board needs to align, compensate and monitor the key executives and the board members in with the company shareholders. They need to ensure transparent and formal board nomination and election procedure. The board needs to look after the disclosure and communication procedure (Dean et al. 2014). In this context, the distinct roles of each member can be identified as following: The independent directors: They will be consulted for the issues placed before the board mainly the financial issues of the corporation. The CEO: He will be accountable for the management issues. The CFO: He will be in charge of the financial management. An executive director: He will be in charge of the risk management committee. Other members will also be there in the board. A non-executive director: He will be in charge of the audit committee. Other members should be non executive too. An executive director: He will be the charge of the appointment committee. The CEO also can be a part of the committee. On the other hand, the responsibilities of a CEO can be designated as bellow: Financial, Tax, Risk and Facilities Management: To be particular, a CEO needs to lay down the budget of the company for the boards approval. He needs to manage financial issues in accordance to the company laws and governmental regulations. Community Relations and HRM: It is one of the major duties of the CEO to present the company mission and vision in a positive manner to the society. He must be a personality who is capable enough to deliver his jobs and make his employees deliver their tasks. As mentioned by Solomon (2014), the CEO needs to promote the corporate culture that upholds ethical observance, support individual uprightness, and fulfils societal and ecological responsibility. Board Administration and Support: It is also important for the CEOs to maintain operations and management of the Board by providing recommendations and informing the members the organizational data and facts. He is also responsible for implementing the strategies developed by the board. He needs to prepare and administer the realization of key corporate policies (McCahery et al. 2012). The service: The CEO needs to investigate the design, promotion, delivery and quality products and services of the company. The CEO needs to ensure that the concerned managers are rightly administering the routine business dealings of the company and risk management can be performed when needed (Christensen et al. 2015). A number of cases can be cited as examples of corporate failures due to the lack of valuing good corporate governance in the investment decision-making models of the companies. Research and findings: If a review on the case of the American energy production company Enron can be done, the importance of good governance can be noticed vividly. The collapse of the company was a result violation of number corporate principles. As mentioned by Soltani (2014), the existence of off-balance sheet liabilities hidden in Special Purpose Entities (SPE) was used to move financing off-balance sheet and avoid consolidation of the SPE. Moreover, Enron boosted its reported income from allegedly laissez-faire transactions. The SPE also allowed the company to increase its reported cash flow. On the other hand, the key personalities of the company found guilty of ethical degradation. As mentioned by Smith (2015), the Chairman Ken Lay, CEO Jeffrey Skilling and CFO Andrew Fastow were found guilty of fraud. The CEO ware found following the senior executives blindly and avoided any review of the company proceedings. In addition, the company was following poor internal controls that led to accounting malpractices. The auditor Arthur Andersen was also ineffective and criminal and fraudulent proceedings led to the companys collapse (Lessambo 2014). On the other hand, in the case of One.Tel Ltd. in Australia, an excessive risk taking, poor costing, credit administration, and dominant management led the company to corporate failure (Anderson 2014). Whereas, in the case of Harris Scarfe Ltd. the issue was with the bad administration and fraudulent account handling and exposure irregularities for more than six years (Smith 2015). In addition, in the case of HIH, the company was led to failure due to deception by directly manipulating the accounting records, failed management, and ignorance of the shareholders rights. As discussed by Hamilton and Micklethwait (2016), the same thing happened in the case of Parmalat in 2003. The company tasted failure due to absence of power and autonomy of the non-executive directors, over dominating management, poor accounting and lack of internal control. As mentioned by Anderson (2014), the company was also a victim of insider trading and undisclosed related party transactions of senior corporate officers. However, if a review on the success stories can be done, it can be noticed that following a good corporate governance practice has helped the companies to obtain a better investment return as well as public acceptance. In the case of theCoca-ColaCompany, strengthening the board and management accountability, establishing Corporate Governance Guidelines, regular reviews of the corporate culture, establishing charters for all the board committees helped the company to develop good corporate governance (McCahery et al. 23016). Establishment of Codes of Business Conduct, disseminating the information regarding the method of reporting apprehensions about the organization and its public policy, helped the company to attain a huge rage of investor return, public trust and company eminence. However, from the above stated discussion it can be said that the companies need to follow some strategies to uplift their good corporate governance practices and increase their rate of investor return. Recommendations: The companies need to build a strong and competent BOD: As opined by Solomon (2014), it is important for the companies to uphold a strategy of electing the board members by the shareowners. Thus, it will ensure the maintenance of the interest of the shareholders and the long-term health and overall success of the business and its financial strength. The board should be comprised of the members, who are competent, decisive and possess strong ethics and integrity, diverse backgrounds and skill sets. As discussed by Rezaee and Kedia (2012), the majority of the directors must be independent. It will ensure unbiased judgment. Moreover, it is also important to educate the directors and make them familiar with the business, respective roles and the boards expectations. A regular review of the board mandates and assessment of the directors performance is also needed. As opined by Balkaran (2013), the corporations must develop an engaged Board where directors ask questions and challenge management and don't just "rubber-stamp" management's recommendations. Distinct roles of the management and executives: Clearly written mandates for each executive and typical committee (audit, compensation and others) need to be maintained. As described by Kandukuri et al. (2015), role descriptions for the board members, the CEO and executives should be preserved. Integrity and ethical dealing: It can be identified as one of the major principles of good corporate governance. As opined by Denis (2016), the corporations need to implement a conflict of interest policy and a code of business conduct. A structured procedure to report and treat disobedience, and a Whistleblower policy should also be maintained. Moreover, the management needs to ensure that the directors would abstain from voting over the issues in which they have an interest. Evaluation: The board has to ensure that the fees will attract the suitable candidates but it will not limit the director's autonomy or fulfillment of his job roles. Establishing a performance target for the executives including the CEO and evaluating it and tie compensation to performance is also needed. Risk management: The corporations must look into the issues of risks potential to be faced. These can be financial, reputational, industry-related, operational, environmental or legal. As discussed by Tricker (2015), lack of independence leads to risk taking behavior. The board need to establish strategic leadership for the organizations risk tolerance. A clear framework for managing risks needed to be found and evaluated regularly. Moreover, as opined by Solomon (2014), the BOD should challenge management's assumptions and the adequacy of the company's risk management processes and procedures. Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that to ensure a better performance, the corporations need to focus on their management and operation pattern. The shareholders can be identified as the foundations of a public listed corporation. Hence, as discussed by various theories, it is important to follow a good corporate governance to earn their trust and uphold their interest. In the recent decades, a number of companies have faced disastrous corporate failures by disregarding the principles of corporate governance. Hence, the public listed corporations must concentrate to this and take the appropriate actions. References: Anderson, H., 2014. Pressing the right buttons: Australian case studies in the protection of employee entitlements against corporate insolvency.International Labour Review,153(1), pp.117-142. Balkaran, L., 2013. Auditing the Corporate Governance Effort in an Organization.EDPACS,48(4), pp.12-18. Christensen, J., Kent, P., Routledge, J. and Stewart, J., 2015. Do corporate governance recommendations improve the performance and accountability of small listed companies?.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.133-164. Dean, G., Clarke, F. and Egan, M., 2014. Corporate capers, accounting and governance reform.Governance Directions,66(9), p.541. Denis, D.K., 2016. Corporate Governance and the Goal of the Firm: In Defense of Shareholder Wealth Maximization.Forthcoming in the Financial Review. Erkens, D.H., Hung, M. and Matos, P., 2012. Corporate governance in the 20072008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide.Journal of Corporate Finance,18(2), pp.389-411. Gibson, B. and Brown, D., 2012. ASIC'S expectations of directors.UNSWLJ,35, p.254. Hamilton, S. and Micklethwait, A., 2016.Greed and corporate failure: The lessons from recent disasters. Springer. Kandukuri, R.L., Memdani, L. and Babu, P.R., 2015. Effect of Corporate Governance on Firm PerformanceA Study of Selected Indian Listed Companies.Overlaps of Private Sector with Public Sector around the Globe (Research in Finance, Volume 31) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,31, pp.47-64. Lessambo, F.I., 2014. Corporate Governance, Accounting and Auditing Scandals. InThe International Corporate Governance System(pp. 244-263). Palgrave Macmillan UK. McCahery, J.A., Sautner, Z. and Starks, L.T., 2016. Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors.The Journal of Finance. Rezaee, Z. and Kedia, B.L., 2012. Role of corporate governance participants in preventing and detecting financial statement fraud.Journal of Forensic Investigative Accounting,4(2), pp.176-205. Smith, H., 2015. Australia's Company Law Watchdog: ASIC and Corporate Regulation. Solomon, J., 2014. Corporate Governance and Accountability. 4th Edition, Wiley, USA. Soltani, B., 2014. The anatomy of corporate fraud: A comparative analysis of high profile American and European corporate scandals.Journal of Business Ethics,120(2), pp.251-274. Tricker, B., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA.

Lady Macbeth Essays (1659 words) - Characters In Macbeth

Lady Macbeth ?Lady Macbeth is a powerful and dramatic character, but her death at the end of the play is no surprise to the audience.? Discuss this statement with close reference to the text. ?Macbeth? is one of the most famous tragedies written in the Elizabethan times by William Shakespeare for King James 1. Set in Scotland, it details the story of man, so desperate for the status of king, that he will do anything to achieve it. As an established ?good and hardy soldier', and quite content within that role, Macbeth is surprised to find some witches who predict his reign as king. ?All hail Macbeth! who shalt be king hereafter.' (Act 1 scene 3) On informing his wife, Lady Macbeth, he soon embarks on a killing spree that doesn't end until both partners' demise. However, Macbeth could not have committed the first few crimes without the help and insistence of his wife. She acts as the fate the witches spoke of to make him king and yet ironically is mainly responsible for aggravating Macbeth's struggle between morality and ambition. She has a hugely diverse character, and this helps plant the seed of Macbeth's, and her own, eventual downfall. Lady Macbeth receives a letter from Macbeth at the beginning of the play, telling her of his experiences with the ?weird sisters'. ?They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfect'st report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge.' (Act1 scene 5) After she has read the letter, she is determined to make the witches' prophesy come true. She imagines that she has the capability to be a remorseless and determined villain. However in reality this is just an act, and in fact her true self possesses no such traits. This is obvious when she makes a huge effort to get herself into a murderous state of mind, crying out, ?Come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty!' Lady Macbeth wants to lose her femininity so she can be cold-blooded and commit murder like a man does. However, more than anything, it appears that Lady Macbeth is a very greedy woman, desirous of things that seem very much out of reach. She also prepares herself to work her husband into a murderous state of mind, as she believes him to be ?too full o' the milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way.' Within the first act, she deems herself to be the more authoritative person in this couple. She believes that even if Macbeth is too scared or unwilling to kill the current king, Duncan, she can make him do it if she ?may pour her spirits in thine ear.' The domineering aspect of Lady Macbeth's character becomes even more evident when she is told Duncan is coming to stay with her and Macbeth that night because of the victory of the battle that day. When Macbeth arrives home, she advises him to put on an innocent face and leave the rest to her. ?look like th'innocent flower, But be the serpent under't.' (Act 1 scene 7) Lady Macbeth is very committed to carrying out the crime. King Duncan greets Lady Macbeth at the gates of Macbeth's castle, and in a display of hypocrisy, she gives a warm welcome to the man she is planning to murder. In Act 1 Scene 7, Macbeth recites a famous soliloquy, during which he reasons himself out of killing Duncan, and then tells Lady Macbeth by saying that they ?will proceed no further in this business.' She immediately labels her husband as cowardly as a method to get him to change his mind. She makes the example that it is unmanly to go back on promises which she claims Macbeth has made to kill King Duncan. She says if she were the mother of a baby, she would have the ?nipple pluck'd from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out' had she made a promise to do so. It seems her tactics have worked, as Macbeth is comforted by the fact that even his wife, a woman, is not disheartened by his fears. However, this quote already shows a glimpse